Film Editing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Film Editing - Essay Example Editors are important professionals in the movies and film making industry. The camera operators are obligated to operate the cameras manually but work with the directors, of photography, in the film making process. The editor is supposed to take shots from various scenes in the scenes from different angles as well as different perspectives and arrange them to tell the story.The operators’ obligation of manually create a sequence of shots which involves a number of factors. The editor is supposed to integrate what the eye is supposed to capture within a given screening, choreography of the shots and integrating the knowledge of framing shots behind the scenes to enable the editing department come up with a clean and concise storyboard that focuses on the richness of the story or script. The editor covers a transitional gap that is between the actors and the directors (Weston, 1999, p. 17). The necessity of the professional lies in the ability to choose the right composition of the shootings such as the angles, lighting, and viewpoint, access to detail and appearance to the audience to integrate with a particular set.The editors integrate various principles of telling a dramatic story while including the fundamentals of film editing. The purpose of the editing in making the film is ensuring that every detail intended in the filmmaking is caught on camera and communicated to the audience as it was intended by the director. The editors represent a window through which the audience benefits from the film industry.

Computer Systems Essay Example for Free

Computer Systems Essay

What is Religion Essay -- essays research papers fc

World Religion What is Religion?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the American College Dictionary, religion is a noun defined as the quest for the values of the ideal life. This definition is vast and general, allowing for a variety of interpretations by people from all cultures. There is no single path to follow in order to lead an ideal life, only personal beliefs and experiences. Religion is non-finite so there is no way of determining a boundary (Smart, 5). In my quest for a true understanding of what religion is I explored my own traditions and religious beliefs as well as life experiences. Slowly, with the added insight from the text and videos, my own definition of religion has begun to take shape.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perhaps the most powerful statement made about religion was made by Dr. John Simmons of Western Illinois University. He makes the valid point that religion is not a noun, but a verb. Religion is based on beliefs and how people act based on those beliefs. Tradition, prayer, and meditation are all acts of religion and are considered intangible behaviors. Although many rituals of religion are â€Å"things†, the ethical and social portions are lifestyles. In addition to this point, Dr. Simmons mentions the possibility of religion being founded as a way to understand and answer important questions about life and death. People must find out who they are, why they are here on Earth, and what purpose their life holds. Questions known as boundary questions are posed when humans are faced with new situations in their lives (Beliefs and Believers, Class 1). They must believe that there is reasoning to support their actions. Rites of passage are the most frequent exper iences involving boundary questions. For example, as a child of Christian parents, I was told that people die because it is their turn to be with Jesus. Heaven made sense to me and comforted me, knowing that my loved ones would be in such a wonderful place. Also in the Christian religion, questions may arise about the beginning of life and how we got to Earth. The myth of Adam and Eve and the story of the Creation answers that for Christian believers. As for my purpose on Earth, my question was answered by the Christian doctrine. I am here to spread the word of God in actions and words so that all humans may know His love. However, these answers do not make sense to a... ... identity and answers profound life questions otherwise unobtainable. In only a short period of time, my perception of religion has changed vastly. I have been introduced to many other perspectives that have impacted my own beliefs. I hope that as I continue to study new religious ideas, my understanding and knowledge will grow as well. BIBLIOGRAPHY Beliefs and Believers. Teleclass.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  University Park, Illinois: Governors State University, 1999 Marty, Martin. Interview with Dr. John K. Simmons. Beliefs and Believers:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  University Park, Illinois: Governors State University, 1999 Simmons, Dr. John K. Beliefs and Believers Teleclass Study Guide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1999 Smart, Ninian. Worldviews: Crosscultural Explorations of Human Beliefs (Third Ed).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2000 Tindall, George. America: Brief 5th Edition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NY, NY: Norton, 2000 Williams, Rev. Cecil. Interview with Dr. John K. Simmons. Beliefs and Believers:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  University Park, Illinois: Governors State University, 1999

English: Good and Evil and Television Essay

Assalam O Aliakum all of you after that today is my presentation and my presentation is about Television you know that television is getting very popular and increasing day by day because of connecting the world. There are some advantages and disadvantages and now I am describing about advantages. Advantages 1) First advantage is that you know Karachi bad low and situation is increasing day by day that’s why many people before going to office they switch on the television for knowing about situation that what is going, situation is good and bad and which area is suitable for going to office. 2) Second is that when you have laser time and you are filling dull/boring and if you want passing the time so you can early by watching television because many channels are available on cable for your entertainments like watching movies and watching song and most of peoples like sports channels. 3) Third advantage is that with passing your time you can get knowledge easily because many channels are available which is providing good platforms for you. Like national geographical and discovery channels are most famous in the world. And also Islam channel are available like QTV, MADANI and PEACE for our information. 4) Forth advantage this is very importance for us because now we are student of English language and we do not know how to speak English and how to perform the word with better ascend when we will watch English channels on daily basic so we can easily get. Disadvantages. 1) The first disadvantage is that some people prefer to watch television and do not prefer to work they most of time spend it. 2) Second disadvantage is that a lot of people suffering in desperation and afraid because you know that boom are blasting on daily basic different areas and news channels telecast live. 3) Thirty disadvantages are that some people are going to bad way due to watching television. This type of people do not like to do work hard and they do street crime and robbery etc.

Four basic models of the BGS relationship Essay

Dutch-Bangla Bank Ltd is a commercial bank of Bangladesh. The Bank was established under the Bank Companies Act 1991 and incorporated as a public limited company under the Companies Act 1994 in Bangladesh with the primary objective to carry on all kinds of banking business in Bangladesh. It is one of the fast growing leading online banks in private sector. This is a descriptive report on Dutch-Bangla Bank Ltd. that mentions the activities of General Banking, On-line banking and corporate social responsibility (CSR) of the bank. The bank is established jointly by local Bangladeshi parties spearheaded by M Sahabuddin Ahmed (Founder & Chairman) and the Dutch company FMO. This report’s objective is to find out more information about CSR of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited. I hope that my report on CSR of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited would be a summarized view of CSR activities of Dutch-Bangla Bank. 1. INTRODUCTION Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. The term â€Å"corporate social responsibility† came in to common use in the late 1960s and early 1970s. ISO 26000 is the recognized international standard for CSR (currently a Draft International Standard). Figure 1: Where big corporations spending CSR resources The banking sector of Bangladesh has a long history of involvement in benevolent activities like donations to diï ¬â‚¬erent charitable organizations, to poor people and religious institutions, city beautification and improving art & culture, etc. In a natural calamity-prone area like Bangladesh, there remains an existing and  distinctive CSR agenda focused on the business contribution to tackling social crises in the aï ¬â‚¬ected area. Dutch Bangla Bank Limited as a responsible corporate body has been playing a pioneering role in implementing social and philanthropic programs to help disadvantaged people of the country. Education, healthcare, human resource development, conservation of nature, creation of social awareness, rehabilitation of distressed people and such other programs are some of the important areas where the bank carries out its social and philanthropic activities. In 2010 alone, DBBL donated BDT 340 million towards social causes. 2. Origin of the report: This report is prepared as a partial requirement of the course, Business Communication, assigned by my course instructor Nigar Sultana on â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited† submitted on 1th December, 2012. The recent activities of various kinds of business firms on CSR have inspire me to do this report on CSR of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited. Some recent CSR activities also influence me to do this report on CSR activity of DBBL. 3. Problem & Purpose: This report is divided into two objectives. Those are : Primary Objectives: The primary objectives are – > To find out more information about CSR of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited & new fields of their CSR. Secondary Objectives: > To develop skills of writing a formal report, techniques and principles as well. 4. Scope of the report: This report can be used by others as secondary information. The information of this report will be used for any other survey or making any other document. To find any new scope of CSR, anyone can take help from this report & its information. 5. Limitations of the report: I didn’t face any major limitations in this research. But, if I personally go DBBL’s head office, that will be more helpful for me. There is also some time pressure for making this report properly. Because of time limitations, I cannot collect my require information properly. 6. Findings: By investigate about CSR of Dutch-Bangla Bank; I’ve to know about their regular CSR activities. DBBL’s Corporate Social Responsibilities are- 1. In Education sectors, 2. In Health sectors, 3. In Social Welfare. 6.1 In Education DBBL is providing scholarships to students, especially for those who cannot continue their study due to financial constraint as well as to the meritorious and needy students every year since 2003. The bank awards around 300 new scholarships of Tk. 1,000 per month every year along with continuing scholarship for those studying at HSC level. The Graduation level scholarships of Tk. 2,000 per month are renewable for their entire academic period of graduation level. DBBL has decided to award financial support to SSC and HSC students this year. According to the official data revealed by Bangladesh Bank, DBBL spent more than Tk 172 million in various CSR activities in 2011. Dutch-Bangla Bank awarded scholarships to meritorious but needy students including physically disabled students who passed HSC Examination in 2010 and studying at graduate level. The Dutch-Bangla Bank Ltd (DBBL) also decided to donate Tk 9.73 crore to Dhaka University (DU) for establishing a research centre on the university campus. The DBBL Board of Directors in its 77th meeting decided to donate the money for constructing an 11-storey research centre ‘Dutch-Bangla Bank Centre for Advanced Research in Arts and Social Sciences Bhaban’ on the DU campus. The research centre, which would be the first of its kind in the country, will be supervised by renowned teachers, scholars and researchers. It will also  award scholarship to researchers and scholars at home and abroad. Some more information: # Handed over the Letter of Commitment for donating Tk. 9.73 crore to Dhaka University for constructing â€Å"Dutch-Bangla Bank Centre for Advanced Research in Arts & Social Sciences† on February 27, 2008. # Donated reference books to the library of diï ¬â‚¬erent educational institutions like BSMMU, Dhaka University etc. # Donated Tk. 15.00 lac for purchasing academic reference books for Dhaka University Central Library on June 8, 2006. 6.2 In Health DBBL is just not a bank, it also a producer of CSR. It has some contributions on health sectors of Bangladesh.DBBL do many CSR activities related public health such as they contributed to Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) build a new auditorium and to by new equipments. Also donated an ambulance to Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU. Under the DBBL Smile-Brighter Program, Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited organized a 4 day-Iong plastic surgery operation, during September 06 to 09, 2006 in Faridpur for the poor cleft-lipped boys and girls at the bank’s own cost to bring back enduring smile on their faces. With generous financial support from the Dutch-Bangla Bank Foundation (DBBF), ICDDR,B is setting up a world-class blood bank that will provide transfusion services to patients attending its Dhaka Hospital and others in need. Some more Information: # Cleft-lip problem is not only a health problem but it aï ¬â‚¬ects the whole family along with the victim. Since 2003 DBBL is working with these vulnerable groups under its Smile Brighter Program to bring back smile on their face and to enable them to start normal life. This is a continuous program aiming to perform as much operation possible per year. Total 5,000 poor cleft-lipped boys and girls have so far been successfully operated across the country till date. # The Board of Directors of DBBL handed over the Commitment Letter for the donation of BDT 11.476 million to Dr. M. A. Salam, Director of ICDDR,B at a simple ceremony held at the conference room of ICDDR,B on June 03, 2009. # DBBL launched a free treatment over the country in many Public hospital in every week to eradicate diseses from the  country. # They also launched HEALTH CARE INFORMATION seminar over the country in different times in the year to convey the information’s over the rural and uneducated people. # DBBL is also contributing for the HIV/AIDS patients including women and children. They managed the ARV(Anti-Retro-Viral) to them and treat them properly. # As a part of Corporate Social Responsibility, Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited has donated an amount of Tk 2.02 crore to Diabetic Association this year. # DBBL donated generous amount of money to diï ¬â‚¬erent health organizations for medical instruments and medical infrastructural development such as operation theatres, laboratory, hospital building, etc. 6.3 In Social welfare Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited has been playing a pioneering role in executing social and philanthropic programs since its inception to reduce the sufferings of the common man and helping the disadvantaged people of the country. In order to implement programs related to social cause with more dedication, Dutch-Bangla Bank Foundation(DBBF) was established in 2001. A number of sectors are on the focus list of the bank. Education, health care, human resource development, conservation of nature, creation of social awareness, rehabilitation of destitute people and such other programs are some of the important areas where the Bank is carrying out its social and philanthropic activities. Dutch-Bangla Bank do huge amount of CSR for social welfare like, has donated a huge amount of money to EKMATTRA for establishing EKMATTRA-Dutch-Bangla Bank Academy to provide education as well as other facilities for underprivileged children of the country. Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited has extended financial assist ance amounting to Tk. 18.5 lac to 17 NGOs engaged in rehabilitation of the disabled children of Bangladesh on June 05, 2006. Some more information: # For the development of the vulnerable segments of Bangladesh, DBBL assisted to rehabilitate the acid and dowry victim women by providing one-time financial assistance for establishing small scale agro-based rural economic enterprise to be self-reliant. # DBBL provides financial support for  rehabilitation of physically handicapped, mental impaired, visually impaired, hearing impaired, autistic and street children by ensuring education and vocational training. # DBBL runs mass awareness programs on diï ¬â‚¬erent burning issues through print and electronic media. Some remarkable issues are as follows: Save the Nation from curse of Dowry, Stop Acid violence, Prevent Drug Abuse, Tree plantation and preservation of environment, Right of disable children etc. # Financial support to ‘Nirapad Sharak Chai’ for helping the victims of road accident and mass campaign for prevention of traffic accident. # City beautification and preserving environment to develop an eco-friendly society for healthy human life. 6.4 Rewards: # Southern University Bangladesh (SUB) conferred Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) award on the Dutch-Bangla Bank (DBBL) for its immense contribution to different fields in the society. # In 2007, the bank won the Bangladesh Business Awards for being the ‘Best Financial Institution’ mainly for its commitment to technology and community service. # The DBBL received an international award on CSR from Asian Institute of Management, Manila in the 3rd Annual Asian CSR Award ceremony. # Also granted numerous national and international awards for its role in the development of Bangladesh. 7. Recommendations: By knowing & analyzing regular CSR activities of Dutch-Bangla Bank, the bank can easily find out the new field or scope for their CSR activities. DBBL can increase their budget for CSR activity to increase their popularity & market share. They should give more attention for CSR in disaster relief. Because, their CSR on disaster relief is very helpful for the affected poor people. 8. Conclusion: While the Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited is a business enterprise, its Foundation, established in June 2001, is dedicated to working in social arenas with the greatest need, as part of their corporate social responsibility (CSR). The Dutch-Bangla Bank Foundation carries out diverse social and philanthropic  activities in the field of education, health, conservation of nature, social awareness, human rehabilitation, and other programs to reduce human suffering. The social commitment of the Dutch-Bangla Bank and the Foundation is clearly reflected in their Vision and Mission. 9. Appendix: Bangladesh Bank annual CSR report 2009 Bangladesh Bank annual CSR report 2010 World CSR survey Annual report of DBBL Documents from Dutch-Bangla bank limited. 10. Bibliography: www.dbbl.com www.wikipedia.com/dutchbanglabank www.ssupport.com www.google.com www.bangladeshbank.org Daily Newspapers

8 Best Romance Authors Which Authors to Follow and Even Learn From

8 Best Romance Authors Which Authors to Follow and Even Learn From 8 Best Romance Authors: Which Authors to Follow and Even Learn From Brace yourself, because you’re about to feast your eyes on the best and totally non-partial or biased list of the best romance authors.Out of the millions of crazy-talented authors out there, I’ve managed to put together 8 of the best romance authors I think were integral in shaping the lives of so many artistic, hopeless romantic souls vying for a place in this book genre.Here are the 8 best romance authors:Jenna MoreciJosie SilverRainbow RowellAudrey NiffeneggerNicholas SparksJudy BlumeRichelle MeadHelen HoangNOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Fiction Self-Publishing Program. Learn how to write a kickass romance! Learn more about it hereWhat makes a good romance novel?It goes without saying that these romance authors books have become bestsellers. However, it’s a long way to get through to get on a bestseller list, but it’s real!If you are one of those crazy guys who d are to overcome this path, make sure to pay attention to each and every detail of publishing your book.Genuine romance authors know how to draw their readers’ attention right from the first page and even distract you from mulling over the plot even when you are not reading.The most important point is they follow their idea, moving, sad, and a bit insane (or absolutely crazy one).Best Romance Authors to Read and Learn FromWithout further ado, here’s my list of the best romance authors.You can read for fun or, if youre looking to write a book, you can read and learn from their methods and techniques.#1 Jenna MoreciWhile Moreci doesnt just write romance, the romance included in her novels are drool-worthy, intriguing, and most importantly, healthy.This authors debut novel Eve: The Awakening featured a romantic subplot amidst interlopers, chimeras, and more and still held its own and shined.Her second novel of a separate series, The Saviors Champion is a romantic fantasy adventure where yes, the romance is a part of the main plot (and lets be real, I could read about these characters love story forever!).Moreci has a way of delivering the romance in a natural, yet intoxicating manner while sticking true to a healthy relationship- something this industry is in desperate need of.If you love romance (along with some action), this is the author to keep an eye on.#2 Josie SilverThe Wolverhampton native is the author of One Day in December, a rising cult favorite that rose to fame thanks to the palpable warmth and charming characters that spring to life in every page.Lovely doesn’t even begin to describe Silver’s writing; her words and stories are imbued with so much magic it’s hard not to cry or swoon when you’re so far deep into the story. Although One Day in December is the first and only book in her repertoire at the moment, we’re hopeful for part 2 to Jack and Laurie’s whirlwind romance- or at least a spin-o ff!One Day in December is the magic and chaos that ensues when you’re pretty certain you’ve just locked eyes with the love of your life, only for your bus to depart without him.After a year of searching for him, you’re reunited one fateful night at your very own Christmas party- except he’s dating your roommate and BFF. Ten years of friendships, heartbreak, missed opportunities, and what ifs, roads not taken, and fate are reconsidered.Josie Silver’s masterpiece is a reminder to everyone out there – hopeless romantic or otherwise – that true love and fate take inexplicable turns along the way to happiness, but it gets there.So, to everyone out there who randomly locks eyes with someone cute on the way to work – if you feel it in your bones that they’re the one for you, go out there and do it! Who knows? They just might be the Jack to your Laurie!#3 Rainbow RowellIf you love a good cry or heartwarming page tuner, then we r eckon you should pick up any book from Miss Rowell’s highly acclaimed selection that goes from raw and real adult stories to warm and relatable teenager ones – all with a panache only the Nebraska local is capable of.Rainbow Rowell has churned out masterpieces like Attachments, Landline, Eleanor Park, Fangirl, and Carry On.Out of the impressive lot, our winner is Eleanor Park!Who knew domestic abuse, child abuse, themes of escape, bullying, and body image issues would make for one knock-out novel? Eleanor Park is everything a coming-of-age story should be.It makes you feel things so strongly, transports you to a time and place where all you can feel is Eleanor and how the world shifts around her.Together you weep at her circumstances. Together your hearts flutter for one Park Sheridan. Together you escape to Minnesota in the hopes of surviving the hand you were drawn. Riveting, raw, and real, this love story is something so uniquely special, it’ll be engraved on your brain for a long, long time.#4 Audrey NiffeneggerOkay, hear us out – time travel, unsurmountable passion, and a lifetime of waiting and intertwined destinies – could it get any better than this? Right, didn’t think so.Niffenegger gave the world a gift when she released The Time Traveler’s Wife, one of the most widely successful romance books and films to have made it into the mainstream and cult favorite niche.The story takes place between two lovers; Henry, a man born with the inexplicable ability to time travel, and Clare, a woman he has been drawn to meeting in several timelines.They fall in love, and what follows next is a series of beautiful and tragic moments that teach us the pains of having to wait your whole life for the one that owns your heart.We could only dream of creating work as stunning and riveting as this. We have so much respect for writers who hone their craft and go through the motions of delivering content that is nothing s hort of brilliant.It can be a huge, daunting task, but thanks to lifehacks like Spreadsheeto to help the best of the best streamline ideas and get that creativity flowing quickly and efficiently.#5 Nicholas SparksNicholas Sparks is on this list of best romance authors, so that means this is pretty legit now, eh?Kidding aside, this multi-awarded novelist and screenwriter is famous for bringing into the world a string of romance novels worthy of their own films.Oh wait, most of them are already on the silver screen (and doing great at that!).Sparks specializes in the language of intimacy and picturesque moments in time, and some of his greatest work include A Walk to Remember, The Notebook. The Last Song, Night in Rodanthe, The Lucky One, and Dear John.Out of the string of popular picks, The Notebook is our favorite! (Shocker). Ryan Gosling aside, the story is impeccable from beginning to end. Who doesn’t love young, passionate romance fueled by differences in societal rank an d one nosey-as-hell mother out to get in the way of her teenage daughter’s whirlwind romance with a so-called hooligan?What you can expect from this fantastic read is a love story you’ll be begging the gods for.#6 Judy BlumeHailing from New Jersey, Judy Blume is a multi-awarded child and young adult novelist whose incredible work has landed her permanency and veteran status in the hall of romance book fame.The brilliant mind behind Tiger Eyes, Forever, Are You There, God? It’s Me, Margaret, Deenie, Blubber, and Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing, Blume is out to conquer the world of fiction with one amazing book at a time.Our favorite out of the impressive lineup? Forever! Teenage sexuality, teenage angst†¦ just all of the glorious, painful, and all too real moments about being a young teenager in love are captured perfectly in Blume’s tale of navigating through youth in all its awkward intricacies. 12/10 would read again!#7 Richelle MeadThe goddess o f all things fiction, fantasy, and romance, Richelle Mead has reached household name levels of fame from exquisitely written novels that play up our favorite kind of scary – or in this case, sexy – ghouls: vampires!Mead is the author of the Vampire Academy series, which has subsequently been turned into a movie.Warning: not falling in love with Adrian Ivashkov is absolutely impossible.#8 Helen HoangThis American romance authors debut, The Kiss Quotient, is a breath of fresh air for more reasons than one: her heroine is autistic – yes, you read that right – and suffers from Asperger’s disease.Not only is her work inclusive, its also realistic and speaks to a much-needed group of people who have been underserved until her work.Get. Your. Hands. On. This. Book. Honey. Or everything on this list, for that matter!Every one of these guys is pure talent. But to succeed in this niche where every other one fails is impossible without a successful marketing campaign.Hard difficult work, but undoubtedly worth trying!Ready to have YOUR name on this list?Writing a novel, of any kind, is a feat thats not easy on your own.Check out this free training so you can write, market, and successfully publish your own romance novel and create passive income for yourself!

There are many similarities between looking for a rain god and Veronica Essays

There are many similarities between looking for a rain god and Veronica Essays There are many similarities between looking for a rain god and Veronica Paper There are many similarities between looking for a rain god and Veronica Paper I agree with the statement above, There are many similarities between Looking for a rain god and Veronica. Both of the stories are written in a way that draws the reader into the stories picture, the other similarity is that of the themes. The themes, which the two stories include, are those of poverty, isolation, death and helplessness. Both stories are set in countries and places, which are far removed from ours in distance and culture adding to the similarities between the two. However these themes are presented in different ways, both giving a similar impression. There is a mixture of key elements, which make the two stories differ in the way they are presented; in structure, characterisation, use of language and dialogue. These differences are used to give us the reader a diverse and greater understanding of how the separate themes work in the different stories. As in all good stories themes are used help us to understand the characters and the author on a deeper level. The most evident theme in Veronica and Looking For A Rain God is that of isolation and distance. The land, which Bessie Head (writer of Looking For A rain God) describes, is one that is cut off from the rest of the world and ultimately lonely. The opening line conveys this well It is lonely at the lands where people go to plough Bessie Head (The writer of Looking For A Rain God) uses the first paragraph to set a scene of distance and isolation. This is done to try to help us gain insight and understand the situation and characters. Adewale Maja-Pearce or Okeke (The writer of Veronica) also tries to use the theme of isolation and distance to help understand the story better. Although in contrast to Looking For A Rain God it is for a more personal reason, partly to understand his friends actions. When Okeke returns to Veronica for the first time after becoming a doctor he is shocked at how little has changed. Veronica is not so shocked and although her words may sound accusing they in fact reveal a level of understanding of her isolation. She says simply to Okeke I am still here, as you left me. The writers have been brought up in areas distant to ours and the western world. The isolation they talk about seems shocking and extreme to us, but the writers are more concerned with the effects of living in isolation. This isolation that both writers try to tackle brings about a helplessness they both feel towards the different situations. In Veronica Okeke is about to move away to the city and wants Veronica to follow him there as he feels helpless to the fact she is stuck in a constant cycle of unhappiness. He tries to persuade her to come with him, but there is always something standing in the way. When asked to come to the city she replies sharply No, the city is for you, not me. What will I do once I get there? I have no qualifications, not even Standard Six. This is in contrast to LFARG as it seems like there is no solution to the seven year drought. Bessie talks about how such a tiny village whos economy relies solely on farming as the main source of money can suffer. She writes about the helplessness and growing concern No one knew what to do to escape the heat and tragedy that was in the air The themes in both stories help to mould the tone, making it solemn and remorseful. The stories carry such a tone because both narrators perhaps feel an underlining guilt for what happened, accompanied by a feeling that they would not have acted differently if it had happened to them. Bessie Head makes her views clear when she writes But all people who lived off crops knew in their hearts that only a hairs breadth saved them from sharing a similar fate. In Veronica to the scene where Veronica refuses to go to the city, the writer admits that he understood her point of view. But he was still resentful as he writes Although I knew there was a lot of truth in what she said I resented her arguments. There is a similar setting in Veronica and Looking For A Rain God which may explain why they share many prominent themes. This can be explained due to the fact that they are both stories taken from writers who have lived in an isolated and distant place. But this can over shadow the fact that both stories differ greatly in how they present similar but vastly different ideas. The structure is very different in the Looking For A Rain God to Veronica. Bessie Head writes the story from a third person narrative and is describes a villagers view of story, which gives us a wider insight. Looking For A Rain God is split into three sections; the first creates a background to the story and a short image of what life is like, the second tells the story of the family, finally the third analyses what has happened and portrays its effect on the village. Veronica, in comparison, is not so complicated in structure; instead it focuses solely on the relationship between the writer and Veronica, ending in her death. The story is mainly told using dialogue and a bit of narrative, it is written only in the first person. The use of dialogue seperates the two stories, as it gives Veronica an added depth to the characters and leaves more to be interpreted by the reader. The language in Looking For A Rain God compared to Veronica is far richer, describing in detail the significant elements of the story. This works towards setting a deeper background making up for the lack of personal touch. For instance Bessie Head describes the land seven times in the opening paragraph. The language in Veronica is direct, with the Okeke letting the actions which happen tell the story rather than him, again showing a further willingness for the story to be interpreted freely. This works as he does not write with a particular view instead just his memoirs. The Narrative is the main reason why the stories are noticeably presented differently. Veronica is written in the first person narrative, as the writer actually experienced what he is writing about, so we see it through his eyes. His motives for writing the story lend well to a first person narrative, as he wants to analyses what happened between him and Veronica. So by going over his actions and speech he can better understand how he felt about her. Rather than the story being only about veronica it is instead about what Okeke did or said in relation to her. Again as in Veronica the narrative is dictated in Looking For A Rain God by the aims of the writer. Bessie Head wishes to convey a way of showing the effects of isolation and distance when a major disaster happens and what the implications for that can be. The third person narrative also helps Bessie Head, convey the complex mixture of old traditions and new ones, also to analyses that. As none of what happens involved her she writes about it as an onlooker to the story and offering her explanations. As the title of this essay says there are many similarities between Veronica and Looking For A Rain God. But the narrative and aims of the two writers means these ideas are presented in different ways.

Examples of Radiation (and Whats Not Radiation)

Examples of Radiation (and What's Not Radiation) Radiation is the emission and propagation of energy. A substance does not need to be radioactive in order to emit radiation because radiation encompasses all forms of energy, not just those produced by radioactive decay. However, all radioactive materials do emit radiation. Key Takeaways: Radiation Examples Radiation is emitted whenever energy is propagated.A substance does not need to be radioactive to emit radiation.Not all isotopes of element emit radiation.Common examples of radiation include light, heat, and alpha particles. Radiation Examples Here are some examples of different types of radiation: ultraviolet light from the sunheat from a stove burnervisible light from a candlex-rays from an x-ray machinealpha particles emitted from the radioactive decay of uraniumsound waves from your stereomicrowaves from a microwave ovenelectromagnetic radiation from your cell phoneultraviolet light from a black lightbeta particle radiation from a sample of strontium-90gamma radiation from a supernovamicrowave radiation from your wifi routerradio wavesa laser beam As you can see, most of the examples on this list are examples from the electromagnetic spectrum, but the energy source doesnt need to be light or magnetism to qualify as radiation. Sound, after all, is a different form of energy. Alpha particles are moving, energetic helium nuclei (particles). Examples of Things That Are Not Radiation Its important to realize isotopes are not always radioactive. For example deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen that is not radioactive. A glass of heavy water at room temperature does not emit radiation. (A warm glass of heavy water emits radiation as heat.) A more technical example has to do with the definition of radiation. An energy source may be capable of emitting radiation, but if the energy doesnt propagate outward, its not radiating. Take, for example, a magnetic field. If you hook up a coil of wire to a battery and form an electromagnet, the magnetic field it generates (actually an electromagnetic field) is a form a radiation. However, the magnetic field surrounding the Earth is not typically considered radiation because its not detached or propagating outward off into space. Source Kwan-Hoong Ng (October 2003). Non-Ionizing Radiations – Sources, Biological Effects, Emissions and Exposures (PDF). Proceedings of the International Conference on Non-Ionizing Radiation at UNITEN ICNIR2003 Electromagnetic Fields and Our Health.

CUSHING'S SYNDROME Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CUSHING'S SYNDROME - Assignment Example The paper will cover the symptoms and diagnostic procedure to evaluate for Cushings syndrome. There are various symptoms of the syndrome. The symptoms include increased weight, thinning skin that gets harmed easily, stretch marks that appear as reddish-purple located on the thighs, stomach, buttocks, arms, legs, and breasts (NHS, 2015). Other symptoms include fat deposits that occur in the face, weakness of muscles or bones, and loss of libido. The affected individual may also experience mood swings, high blood pressure, irregular menses, and frequent urination (State Government of Victoria, 2015). There are various diagnostic procedures to evaluate the syndrome. The first important thing is to do a physical and visual examination to note of any change. At the same time, it will also be necessary to establish the individual medical history. The other thing is to measure the amount of cortisol in the body. This is done through urine, blood, and saliva tests (NHS, 2015). The tests will help confirm the level of cortisol in the body. The other thing is to establish the underlying causes for the condition. The first thing is to determine whether the syndrome is as a result of increased amount of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) in the blood (NHS, 2015). The reduced level of ACTH may confirm the presence of a tumor in the adrenal glands. The best way of confirming the syndrome is through petrosal sinus sampling. It entails taking a blood sample from the veins of pituitary gland and forearm (NHS, 2015). This is followed by comparing the level of ACTH in both samples. Sometimes x-r ays and scans may be

Improvement of Graduation Rates of Senior High School Research Proposal

Improvement of Graduation Rates of Senior High School - Research Proposal Example According to City-Data (2009), the population consists of 84.3% Caucasians, 4.8% African American, 4.1% Hispanics, and 3.5% Asian. The estimated median household income is $36,718. Kansas median household income is $47,817 and the estimated median house or condo value in 2009 is $172,746 which was $93,700 in 2000 (City-Data, 2009). The cost of living in Manhattan is significantly lesser than the US average. In Manhattan, the index of the cost of living is 83.5 as compared to 100, which is the average index in the US (City-Data, 2009, para 1). The Bangkok High school district’s goals are increased graduation rates for senior high school student. The areas of concern include improving passing the end of year exam percentage from 68.8% to 75% (Bangkok School, 2009). Description of Work Setting The action research project will take place with senior high school in the Bangkok High School located in Manhattan, Kansas. The Bangkok High School consists of grades 10 through 12. The mi ssion of Bangkok High School is to prepare students for a positive and successful life, whether that be in college or the workforce, after their graduation. Our goal is to provide students with a structured curriculum, state of the art technology, and high expectations to succeed. Furthermore, students will also learn to become independent and responsible citizens who are capable of handling difficult emotional and social situations with a positive and productive disposition. (The Bangkok High School Mission, 2009). The student enrollment in the Bangkok High School is approximately 1,715, there are 168 certified and non-certified personnel, and the number of students with each teacher is 22 (Bangkok School, 2009). There are 74 full-time teachers on staff with 50 existing classrooms (Bangkok School, 2009). The twelfth grade’s enrollment is 554 students, with 30 full-time teachers. All students and teachers are a partaker in this research project on this senior high school camp us (Bangkok School, 2009). In this research project, 200 students who are unprepared for the end of year exam, 30 students in depression, and another 30 who frequently miss school will be included. Writer’s Role The writer has a Bachelor of Science in Education degree majoring in Health Education from Kasetsart University in Bangkok, Thailand and has a 1-year teaching experience. Chapter II: Study of the Problem Problem Description The senior high school students have failed the end of year exam and only 68.8% managed to receive a high school diploma during the 2009-2010 school year. This is a one-semester study. Problem Documentation The documentation comes from a report on and the end of year test score, an observation report on the students with depression, and an attendant’s report on the end of year exam. 381 of the 554 senior high schools students (68.8%) received a high school diploma. As many as 173 out of the 554 senior high schools students (31.2%) failed the ir end of year exam. 13% of the senior high school's students (22) were absent on their end of year exam. 22% of the senior high school's students (110) were unprepared to assume the responsibility for their learning and failed their end of year exam, and 15% of the senior high school's students with depression (25) failed their end of year exam.  

PLANNING FOR METROPOLITAN AREAS Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PLANNING FOR METROPOLITAN AREAS - Term Paper Example It has turned into a platitude amongst many sustainability supporters that tall buildings are, by absolute benefit of the concreteness they offer, epitomes for sustainability. Concentration of these tall buildings in particular areas reflects three economic powers; for solitary use, or incomplete multiple-use office structures, housing towers occupied typically by affluent families and housing schemes created by the government (Jacobs 4-27). This sheds light on the advantages of acknowledging the advantages and interesting potentials of tall buildings, while laying grounds for measuring the common assumptions about the ecological benefits of tall buildings. Concentrated tall buildings which house the poor are governments’ projects, and they are not communally sustainable for families. Most of them have no correctable scheme imperfections, and exemplify inherent problems curtailing from isolation from the ground, and absence of eyes on the streets (Hoch 23-47). Thus, it is corr ect to state that these buildings are concentrated in particular areas, so that the correct architectural designed can block the view of those in need of adjustments (Jacobs 39-41). Another evidence for concentration of tall buildings is the efficient placement of people and their activities, which is vital in contemporary world due to ever increasing pressures from work, family and changing lifestyles (Hoch 54). In what ways might several small businesses on a street be preferable to one large one? What establishes a small business differs around the globe. Small businesses are generally privately possessed firms, conglomerates, or sole proprietorships. Big businesses have in history driven the economy, but small businesses have historically generated employment (Good, 17). According to scholars, small businesses contributed to two thirds of all net jobs summed between 1992 and 2007. Small businesses are able to bail out of the economy and spur innovation, particularly after period s of recession. In piercing contrast, big businesses drib their worker count, one in each three employees and these big businesses usually seem to be in austere cash flow problems by the end of the fiscal year. Small businesses persist because of diverse reasons, which highlight the importance of these many businesses on a street instead of one big business. They are willing to accommodate both full time and part time staffs, because taxes on their income do not intimidate their cash flow as opposed to bigger firms. Availability of community banks, which have traditionally focused on small businesses, is another factor, because reduction of small businesses on streets will automatically necessitate decline in community banks, which hold a significant position in the progression of United States economy over time (Good 23-36). Consumer spending at low levels is another reasonable condition for location of these smaller businesses on a street. This is because to a growing economy, mar ket place is critical for different level of income groups, without which a sustained economic expansion will not be achievable. As a result, these small businesses serve as a critical bridge for government involvement in the economy, by creating conducive environment for the all citizens, and bridges the gap between big businesses and varying political swings which causes

Ethnography. People are Attending Religious Services on Sunday Research Paper

Ethnography. People are Attending Religious Services on Sunday - Research Paper Example The main purpose behind conducting a comprehensive research on this topic includes the exploring the general views and opinions of the church attendants about their religious belief and its impact on their social, professional and domestic life. The study is also interested in finding out the people’s level of satisfaction regarding the religious services being offered at modern churches. The paper also throws light on the reasons behind the considerable decrease in the number of the people attending the religious services in the churches of London city. The research will be conducted in Kensington and Chelsea districts of London city, over 58% population of which consists of the followers of various Christian sects. Thesis Statement: It is a universally accepted notion that performing of religious obligations and praying to God en masse serves as a source of mental relief and spiritual uplift for humans. Somehow, the trends of collective prayers are in decline during the cont emporary era. People’s engagement in financial activities, absence of encouragement from the elders, and flow of various foreign ethno-racial and religious groups have decreased the people’s interest in attending religious services at the church (Barnes & Lowry, 2006, p.1). ... In that context, the term is most closely related to ‘trust’ – trusting God and God’s promises. In this sense, faith is more of an attitude than a state of belief or knowledge.† (Lacewing, 2006, p.1) By looking into the available statistics on faiths and religions, it becomes crystal clear that there exist hundreds of belief systems, (Trimarco, 2005, p.1), the followers of which make over six billion in number. Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Jainism, Hinduism and others are among the most dominant faiths of the world; while Christianity is the most popular one in respect of the number of followers at global perspective. History shows that the apostles and saints underwent severe trials for the projection and promotion of Christianity; it is therefore the religion witnessed unabated growth all over the globe. Somehow, the followers of Christianity are stated to be observing lack of interest in going to the churches for prayers and meditation, as Midwest Diocese Organisation states: â€Å"Church is place where the Holy Spirit dwells in God’s people as they respond to His call to salvation and eternal life.† Taking the phenomenon as a challenging issue in Kensington and Chelsea districts of the London city, I have decided to conduct a participant observation of the religious rituals performed by the Christians on Sundays at church. Brief Overview to Christianity: The Christian faith is the second one in the list of three Abrahamic faiths, along with Judaism and Islam (Latourette, 1975, p. 8). It maintains unconditional belief in the divinity and Oneness of God; and Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit as the two other members of Holy Trinity. Christianity seeks spiritual guidance from the Bible, which consists of the Old and New Testaments. The

Assess the extent to which it would be beneficial for Norway to join Essay

Assess the extent to which it would be beneficial for Norway to join the European Union - Essay Example In fact, Norway has close political and economic ties with the EU (regjeringen, 2011). For instance, according to regjeringen (2011), Norway and the EU are members of the European Economic Area (EEA, signed in 1994). Moreover, the EEA agreement regulates the relationship between Norway and EU (regjeringen, 2011). In addition, Norway and the European Union signed Schengen agreement and they are partners in the Iceland and Liechtenstein (regjeringen, 2011). The foundations of Norway-EU trade relations were led by the EFTA (European Free Trade Association), which was established in 1960 (regjeringen, 2011). The EU in collaboration with Norway participate in the fields of justice and home affairs, climatic changes, foreign policies, research policies and in regulation of energy consumption (regjeringen, 2011). Increase in cooperation of Norway with European Union dramatically affects more aspects of both Norwegian and the EU community and economy (regjeringen, 2011). Norway is a major su pplier of natural gas supplying up to 24% of the total gas imports, (regjeringen, 2011). Norway has contributed to the EU budget â‚ ¬ 230 million in 2010 (regjeringen, 2011). In addition, according to regjeringen (2011), the overall amount of Norway’s export to the EU is 80.7%. In order to understand the importance of the EU for Norway, one should not only look at the EEA Agreement, but analyze the entire structure of agreements. For example, the Schengen Agreement or the many other agreements between Norway and the EU that concern Justice, Security policy, fisheries and agriculture (regjeringen, 2012). On the other hand, Norway persistent refrains from joining the EU for various reasons, even though accession to the EU would bring new insights and new opportunities for Norway across diverse areas. Ladegaard (2012) states that, accordingly to

Ethnography. People are Attending Religious Services on Sunday Research Paper

Ethnography. People are Attending Religious Services on Sunday - Research Paper Example The main purpose behind conducting a comprehensive research on this topic includes the exploring the general views and opinions of the church attendants about their religious belief and its impact on their social, professional and domestic life. The study is also interested in finding out the people’s level of satisfaction regarding the religious services being offered at modern churches. The paper also throws light on the reasons behind the considerable decrease in the number of the people attending the religious services in the churches of London city. The research will be conducted in Kensington and Chelsea districts of London city, over 58% population of which consists of the followers of various Christian sects. Thesis Statement: It is a universally accepted notion that performing of religious obligations and praying to God en masse serves as a source of mental relief and spiritual uplift for humans. Somehow, the trends of collective prayers are in decline during the cont emporary era. People’s engagement in financial activities, absence of encouragement from the elders, and flow of various foreign ethno-racial and religious groups have decreased the people’s interest in attending religious services at the church (Barnes & Lowry, 2006, p.1). ... In that context, the term is most closely related to ‘trust’ – trusting God and God’s promises. In this sense, faith is more of an attitude than a state of belief or knowledge.† (Lacewing, 2006, p.1) By looking into the available statistics on faiths and religions, it becomes crystal clear that there exist hundreds of belief systems, (Trimarco, 2005, p.1), the followers of which make over six billion in number. Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Jainism, Hinduism and others are among the most dominant faiths of the world; while Christianity is the most popular one in respect of the number of followers at global perspective. History shows that the apostles and saints underwent severe trials for the projection and promotion of Christianity; it is therefore the religion witnessed unabated growth all over the globe. Somehow, the followers of Christianity are stated to be observing lack of interest in going to the churches for prayers and meditation, as Midwest Diocese Organisation states: â€Å"Church is place where the Holy Spirit dwells in God’s people as they respond to His call to salvation and eternal life.† Taking the phenomenon as a challenging issue in Kensington and Chelsea districts of the London city, I have decided to conduct a participant observation of the religious rituals performed by the Christians on Sundays at church. Brief Overview to Christianity: The Christian faith is the second one in the list of three Abrahamic faiths, along with Judaism and Islam (Latourette, 1975, p. 8). It maintains unconditional belief in the divinity and Oneness of God; and Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit as the two other members of Holy Trinity. Christianity seeks spiritual guidance from the Bible, which consists of the Old and New Testaments. The

Technological advances of globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technological advances of globalization - Essay Example But government policy and technical developments of the last few years have urged increases in cross border trade, migration, and investment. The volume of world trade has increased in recent years. Comparatively, today globalization is very faster cheaper, farther and deeper than olden years. The current policies such as domestically and internationally open economies are major reasons for the current wave of the globalization. In the last two decades, many governments have tried or adapted free-market economy systems for international trade and investment. To promote trade in goods, services, and investment government also have provided reductions in barriers to commerce. Corporations have opened factories in foreign countries and established production and marketing preparations with foreign associates by getting a benefit of new opportunities in overseas markets. Technology is known as the other chief driver of globalization. Information technologies have given all kinds of indiv idual financial players - consumers, investors, businesses - valuable new tools for recognizing and continuing economic opportunities, including quicker and more conversant analyses of economic styles around the globe, easy transfers of belongings, and alliance with distant partners. Globalization has now become a controversial matter. ... Resistance to globalization has therefore taken figure both at a popular and at a government level as people and government attempt to supervise the flow of investment, merchandise, employment, and ideas that represent the present wave of globalization. Even though globalization has now become a fiscal, political and social concept, it is not a new occurrence. Travelers such as Marco polo, and Ibn Battuta were innovators of globalization facing casualty and risk in their mission to explore new distant land. But in 21st century, globalization receives on a new definition. It might mean sitting in your room in U.S while talking with a companion in U.K. Trade, Health, Environment, and culture Trade is a significant part of globalization. It steers globalization. Current shipping and telecommunication facilities enable exports to and imports from distant places without any difficulty. But few trade policies, international rules and regulations can still create problems for developing nations. Globalization has had spectacular effects on health department. Treatments for deceases such as HIV/AIDS are commonly accessible, and their costs have fallen by the reason of international agreements. Latest medicinal stuffs to identify, measure, and treat known and emerging diseases are being used all over the globe. The people are more conscious on health issues by the entry of internet and e-mail. At the same time the global actions teams such as national institutes, international bodies, and public society are helping to amplify alertness, monitor developments, and generate solutions to health issues. On the other hand, cross border voyage increases HIV/AIDS and other contagious

Planning for examinations Essay Example for Free

Planning for examinations Essay I decided not to revise anything for the essay part of the exam paper. This was because I felt that I had done enough research for my specialist modules and would be able to recall it when needed. In the weeks leading up to the exam I spent about 30 minutes a day going over various chapters in my study skills folder, and if there was a particular item I had trouble with I would make a note of it and go over it again the next day. Finding time at home to revise was a bit of a problem and I found that the best time was in the evening when the children had gone to bed. This meant that I was sometimes quite tired when I tried to revise and wasted some sessions simply because I could not absorb any information. In future I may choose to do my revision somewhere other that at home, for example, the library. This means I will be away from the distractions of children and phone calls. I will also give my friends and family a copy of my revision time-table so that they know not to bother me. I felt that we were given enough information before the exam to know what to expect though I would have liked to have seen a copy of an old paper and perhaps given the opportunity to have a go at completing one. When we were allowed to look at our paper I read it through once before answering any questions. Once I had done this I first answered the questions I did not need to think about too much before going on to the others, and if there were any I did not know then I left them blank. I then went onto the essay question and decided which to do, though I found making a choice difficult as I did not know how I would get on once I had started. Once I got started on the essay I realised the mistake I had made by not revising my specialist modules. I wanted to be able to include examples, statistics or case studies in my essay by could not remember any. Once I had completed the essay I went back to the questions and any that I did not know the answer to I guessed. I then proof read the whole paper and corrected some errors which I had missed. If I could have done thing differently I would have planned my revision better to avoid distractions. I found that spending 30 minutes a day trying to revise while cooking dinner and running around after the children does not work. Before the exam I was not nervous but I think this was to do with the fact I did not have time to think about it too much. I also think that I did not take it as seriously as I should have and therefore did not revise enough. While waiting outside the exam hall I seemed to catch nervousness from other people but cannot see any way to avoid this. During the exam I was more nervous than I expected and was really aware of how quickly the time was passing. I wanted to work out how much time I could spend on each section, but this seemed to make me feel worse as I could not remember how many points would be awarded for each. After the exam I felt a bit disappointed as I feel my lack of revision meant I could not do my best. Dealing with stress during my revision sometimes helped. It made feel more awake sometimes, though this was often short lived and I usually ended up feeling worn out. Stress often meant I could not concentrate properly and I would try to do too much in one session. In future I will try to avoid the negative affects of stress by taking regular breaks, planning my revision better, finding a better location for my revision, not revising when I am tired and taking revision more seriously. I also think that revision is something that should be a continuous process not only used just before an exam. Reviewing work monthly or termly is something that I will try in the future.

An Analysis Of Business And Financial Performance Of Tesco Finance Essay

An Analysis Of Business And Financial Performance Of Tesco Finance Essay INTRODUCTION 1.1Topic Chosen This research and analysis report is about The business and financial performance of Tesco plc over a three year period from an investors point of view. The analysis will be carried out by looking at the key ratios, past trend and other important aspects with an aim to serve the current and prospective future investors in making investment decision. Quantative analysis which is based on financial aspects cannot give always the true picture so this analysis is also look at the non financial measures. J Sainsbury, one of the close competitor in UK has been chosen to compare with the Tesco plc to make the analysis more meaningful. Reason for the topic chosen As I am interested in analysing Business and financial performance in my previous studies so I have chosen this topic 8. This report will give me an opportunity to enhance my knowledge and chance to test my analytical skill. The reason for choosing Tesco for this research and analysis project is because I am always interested in retail sector and one of the most successful company in retail sector is Tesco in UK .Tesco currently hold more than 30% market share in UK with leading in supermarket (Douglas Hamilton, www.heraldscotland.com 15th Sep. 2010). Tesco is one of the fastest growing successful supermarket despite of many rivalry in same sector. Due to the fact of closest competitor J Sainsbury which is the third largest supermarket with market share around 16%, is chosen to compare the Business and Financial performance of Tesco. Tesco which used to be a food retail market is now expanding its territory of business from food retailer to various products under one roof such as furniture, electronic, mobile, financial services etc. The another expansion of Tesco will be the Tesco Bank (http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/40d7a0dc-c5af-11df-ab48-00144feab49a.html). Sir Terry Lee Promise to build the peoples bank by capitalising on public disillusionment with traditional lender (http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/40d7a0dc-c5af-11df-ab48-00144feab49a.html). Another reason that attract me toward Tesco which used to be the UKs supermarket once is now expanding around more than 13 countries around the world (UK, USA, China, India, South Korea, Japan, Including other Asian countries and some European countries). Tesco is opening its store making suitable to where it open just like its open in Indian as cash and carry in joint venture with Tata group the Indian largest business group (http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/ir/rns/rnsitem?id=1218521062nRnsL1207Bt=popup_rns August 12, 2008). As we know USA is one of the challe nging market for UKs supermarket Tesco admitted that they go wrong on early market research and they may makes big changes in stores (The Sunday Times, February 22, 2009). As Tesco sets its three challenging long term targets towards community: to become a zero-carbon business by 2050; to reduce the carbon impact of the products in supply chain by 30% by 2010; and to help the customers halve their own carbon footprint by 2020; in which they are making good progress. Tesco opens the worlds first zero-carbon supermarket in Ramsey, Cambridgeshire in 2010 (http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/about_us/tesco_story/). Tesco is growing consistently outside UK as well. Tesco chairman David Reid told in annual report 2010 about its growth in South Korea and china Our acquisition in South Korea is performing well and delivering excellent results, weve opened our first three Tesco Lifespace shopping malls in China and we have made good progress building the infrastructure and developing new products f or Tesco Bank. This gives us idea that how Tesco is going to tackle in abroad. Tesco is one of the successful and adaptable business with different products in any area around the world. The diversity and complexity of the business attract me to analysis the business and financial position of Tesco. 1.3 Aims Objectives The aim of the report is to research and analysis the business and financial position of Tesco from the investor point of view. As we know investors are risks adverse so investors want to know risks and return of the investment to make decision. For this investors are always want to know not only the financial data but also the companys strategic plans, market in which they operate and the trend in the outside world. Therefore Ive made the comparison between same industry businesses which give reasonable recommendation the best investment decision. Therefore the report objectives are: To analyses past and current position of Tesco To compares 3 years performance with J Sainsbury To analyses the reason for diversified market To analyses the long term financial sustaintibility of both companies. To analyses the short term liquidity stability of both companies To analyses the market shares of both companies. To analyses the strategic plan and the factors which benefits and detriment the companies from external and internal using SWOT analysis. RATIO ANALYSIS The following financial key ratios analysis has been performed during the research project: which formulae are in the appendix: Growth Analysis: Sales revenue growth Profitability: Gross profit margin Net profit margin Asset activity ratio Return on capital employed Stability ratio Gearing ratio Interest cover ratio Liquidity ratio: Current ratio Quick ratio Investors Ratio: Earning /share Dividend /share Price / Earnings Ratio Efficiency Measures: Net asset turnover Return on total assets The some non-financial analysis of Tesco is also performed. Such as: SWOT analysis Strategic analysis 2. INFORMATION GATHERING 2.1 Sources Used and Reason Annual accounts of Tesco and Sainsbury: Financial statements is the main source that help me to calculate financial ratios and analysis the trend of past three years which help to find out the financial conditions, changes and improvements over the three years from 2007-2010. For comparison annual accounts of both companies data are used from their website. Annual report of Tesco and Sainsbury: Annual report of both companies is the source of financial statement which enables to calculate different financial ratios and analysis the trend of past three years for the period 2007-2010 which help us to understand the financial conditions trends, improvements and changes over periods. For comparison annual report of both companies are used which are available from their website.   Newspaper and Journal: Newspaper and Journal are significant sources which provide information regarding share price, market conditions, competitors activities, market surveys etc. The article provides shareholders the most recent analytical and other information so makes them easy to make investment decision. Financial newspapers just like Financial Times, The Sunday Times, Guardian, City AM, Metro, Evening Standard are helpful for the research. Text Book: The ACCAs text books F7 (Financial Reporting), F9 (Financial Management), P2 (Corporate Reporting), P3 (Business Analysis) and other business analysed text books are used to gather source of information which help to give ideas about ratio calculations and analyse the business performance using different method such as SWOT, strategic analysis. They also give theoretical knowledge to do financial and non-financial interpretation of the company.    Interim Report: The interim report provides the current news and seasonality information on business performance of the company. The reports are reviewed by the external auditor as the requirement of London Stock Exchange because they are unaudited report. They are easily available on companys website for download. ACCA Student account magazine: The monthly published Student Accountant by the ACCA which help us in understanding the knowledge, research and analysed the report through different articles published specially on Technical Section.   Oxford Brookes Universitys research and analysis project guidelines: The Oxford Brookes link on ACCA website is very useful through the research project which gives guidelines about writing report such as format, content, and many others. Store visit: During the research, store visit gives me ideas about the current and future plans of both companies to meet their objectives such as price cut by introducing buy one get one free or half price scheme. 2.2 Methods used to collect information Library visit: The library research involves collecting data through secondary resources such as newspapers, books, press reports etc. I also visited the City Business Library for collecting financial data of both companies over past three years. City Business Library provides online resource collection centre such as Financial Analysis Made Easy (FAME) which contain the information about listed companies in UK and Ireland. I used FAME to get the detail information over three years of Tesco Plc and J Sainsbury Plc. That provides information about annual account, key ratios, market share and trends over past years. Website research: The officially release data such as financial statement, recent business strategy, press releases and interim results of both companies were directly obtained through the companies websites i.e.  www.tescocorporate.com  and  www.j-sainsbury.co.uk  . For the independent data and information the following websites were helpful which provides relevant latest news and information about both companies. The websites are: www.bbc.co.uk www.londonstockexchange.com www.ft.com www.guardian.co.uk www.telegraph.co.uk www.heraldscotland.com www.timesonline.co.uk www.google.co.uk 2.3 Limitation to information: The ratio calculated is based on past data so do not give clear view about company future performance. The ratio calculation is based on companies annual account. Company prepares its account to show they are in good position (may use creative accounting), to attract more investors. So it may not be the best way to make investment decision. The secondary source of data does not provide the sufficient information about the company as a whole which just help for surface performance analysis. 3. ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION Overview Tesco plc was established with the name Tesco by Jack Cohen in 1919 which became floating company in 1947 with share price of 25p.But now Tesco is one of the largest supermarkets based on national and international market. Tesco has a well-established and consistent strategy for growth, which has allowed it to strengthen its core UK business and drive expansion into new markets. The rationale for the strategy is to broaden the scope of the business to enable it to deliver strong sustainable long-term growth by following the customer into large expanding markets at home such as financial services, non-food and telecoms and new markets abroad, initially in Central Europe and USA , and now also in the Asian countries such as India, China (www.tesco.co.uk). J. Sainsbury is a leading UK based food retailer with interest in financial services. The group is listed on London stock exchange and its headquartered in Holborn, London. It has been the market leader for much of 20th century in UK and in 1995 Tesco took its place and in 2003 it was pushed to third place by Asda. We now analysis the performance of Tesco comparing with Sainsbury below: 3.1 GROWTH ANALYSIS 3.1.1 SALES REVENUE GROWTH Tesco Tescos revenue have been increasing 4.54% compare with year 2009 ( £54,327m) to year 2010 ( £56,910m). But in 2009 ( £54,326), the growth is 12% as compared to 2008 ( £47,298). This is due to the develop market in previous year in early 2007 help the Tesco to generate more revenue in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the world suffers from the recession due to that the growth is not so much. The sales in international market are up by 8.8% to  £19.4 billion (2010) as compared to 17.69 billion (2009). The sale in core UK is up by 4.2% in 2010. (http://ar2010.tescoplc.com/~/media/Files/T/Tesco-Annual-Report-2009/Attachments/pdf/Full-Review.pdf). The increase in revenue was due to the increase in sales of healthy foods products and non-food products which grows almost twice as fast as the rest of the business. Tesco one of the largest online seller supermarket in the world generates  £136millions profit from online sales (http://www.nma.co.uk/news/tesco-reports-%C2%A3136m-profit-from- online-sales/3012439.article ). Sainsbury Sainsburys revenue have also been in increasing trend with  £19,964 m during 2010, an increase of 4% over 2009( £18,911) and increase of 11% over 2008( £17,837) which is overall less than Tescos revenue growth. This is due to tough competition between competitors like Tesco, ASDA, and Morrison and the global recession. 3.1.2 PROFITABILITY MEASURES (i) Gross profit margin Tesco The gross profit margin has been increasing gradually over three years from 2008-2010 from 7.67% to 8.1%. The gross profit in 2008 is  £3,630m which increase in 2009 to  £4,218m with (7.76%-7.67%) only 0.09% growths than previous year and in 2010 further increase to  £4,607m which is (8.1%-7.76%) is 0.34% increase than previous year. The increase was due to the high sales, good productivity and good control in the cost of sales expenses. Sainsbury The gross profit margin of Sainsbury has been decreased from 5.62% in 2008 to 5.48% in 2009 even there was little increase in sales due to high cost of sales expenses. In year 2010 the gross profit margin further decrease to 5.42% was due to there is no control over cost of sales expenses. Even the sales revenue seems little bit more they may be due to price inflation but not the increase in sales. The gross profit margin of both companies is mostly affected by global economic recession but Tesco is doing quite well. Sainsbury find itself in difficult probably due to high competition with other high street supermarket like Asda, Morrison, and Somerfield. (ii) Net Profit Margin Tesco For the three years period Tesco is doing very good net profit margin is as compared to that of Sainsbury but there is decrease of profit from 2008 to 2010. There is high decrease in profit margin in 2009 mainly due to administration expenses and absorption of initial operating loss in Tesco direct and also due to the unseasonal weather in summer. There is also some impact of establishing of US store. But later in 2010 its going through little increase in profit margin which shows Tesco is in recovery stage. Sainsbury The net profit margin of Sainsbury has decreased little bit to 2.46% in 2009 as compared to the 2008. But in the 2010 the net profit margin has been very good with the increase of (3.67%-2.46%) 1.21% which was mainly due to the increased finance income from the bank deposit and return from pension scheme and good control over expenses. 3.1.3 Assets activity ratio (i) Return on capital employed (ROCE) Tesco Tescos return on capital employed (ROCE) has better than Sainsbury over three years. But while looking at Tesco only there is huge decreased of ROCE over three years from 14.08% in 2008 to 10.58% in 2010. That is due to the investment in new stores and new market development in order to gain. In 2009 to 2010 the ROCE is slightly increased which seems Tesco will again increased its performance. Sainsbury Sainsburys ROCE has been increased in the three years period time from 6.03% in 2008 to 9.09% in 2010. The increased was mainly due to effective cost control and also due to the increase net profit margin. 3.1.4. Stability Ratios (i) Gearing Ratio Gearing ratio measures the stability of the company for the long term. In simple, its the measure of long term debt as a percentage of equity. The company is more risky as the gearing increases because highly geared company have to pay the high interest on loans and also they dont have the ability to borrow more for any investment opportunity. Tesco Tescos gearing ratio was 149.14% in 2009 which is much more than 2008 which is only 87.06% which was due to the increased in borrowing for investment in international stores. But in 2010 Tesco has repaid its some of its debt so there is decrease in gearing. Sainsbury Sainsburys gearing ratio was also increased to 66.09% in 2009 from 44.54% in 2008 due to increased in debt and also decreased in shareholder fund. But in 2010 Sainsburys gearing slightly decrease to 63.81% because of repayment of its some debts and constant growth in shareholder fund. (ii) Interest Cover Ratio (ICR) The interest cover ratio calculates the number of times the profit before interest and tax can cover the interest (finance) costs. The company with higher interest cover is better, because there is lower financial risk. Tesco The interest cover ratio of Tesco is better than Sainsbury but while looking at its own previous year Tesco interest cover ratio is decreasing from 12.21times in 2008 to 6.49 times in 2010. This is due to high borrowing for investment plan and low profit increase. Tesco is still in better position to cover its finance cost and will be in best position when the todays investment starts to generate profit. Sainsbury Sainsbury is doing well in interest cover even there was little decrease in 2009 to 4.15 time from 4.63 in 2008 because there is decrease in profit. But in 2010 Sainsbury interest cover ratio increased 1.80 times than 2009 to 5.95 times because of increased in profit and also decrease in borrowing interest. 3.1.5 Liquidity Ratios (i) Current Ratio The current ratio gives an indication of company ability to meet its short term obligation with its working capital and continue trading. The higher the current ratio, the better the company position because there is sufficient liquid to cope with short term financial obligation. The standard current ratio should be 2:1.This rule does not fit for supermarket because as the supermarket do not want to hold high stock to avoid wastage and holding cost. Secondly there are negligible trade debtor but high trade creditors to whom they delay payment. Tesco Tescos current ratio has been increasing from 0.61 times in 2008 to 0.78 times in 2009 because of increase in stock level. But the current ratio in2010 is decrease as compared to 2009 to 0.73 times because of increase in trade creditors, short term loans, overdraft etc. The current ratio of Tesco is far below the standard rate of 2:1 because supermarket like Tesco does not want to hold more stock and nil debtors. Sainsbury Sainsbury current ratio was decrease in 2009 to 0.54 times from 0.66 times in 2008 because of low stock level and increase in short term loans. But Sainsbury again return to 0.66 times current ratio in 2010 because of increase in stock level and repayment of short term loans. (ii) Quick Ratio Quick ratio is also called acid ratio because it eliminate the stocks from the current asset and calculate the companys ability to pay off short term liability with its liquid assets. Ideally the standard ratio should be 1:1. Tesco Tescos quick ratio is increase in 2009 to 0.63 times from 0.38 times in 2008. And again fall to 0.56 times in 2010. This is much lower than average. This shows that Tesco cant able to cover its current liability with its current asset without stocks. But the nature of current asset and current liabilities in Tescos does not seem to have any liquidity problems. Sainsbury Sainsburys quick ratio is almost same over three years with slightly decrease in 2009 to 0.3 times from 0.4 times in 2008. But in 2010 again return to 0.4 times which is much lower than average rate. The consistency of ratios shows that there is no liquidity problems in Sainsbury. 3.1.6. Investor Ratios (i) Basic Earnings per Share (EPS) EPS ratio indicates the returns per shares from the investors point. Tesco Tescos EPS has been increasing gradually over three years from 26.95p in 2008 to 27.14p in 2009 and 29.33p in 2010. This is because of high profit. Sainsbury The EPS of Sainsbury is not seems so smooth as there is decrease in 2009 to 16.6p from 19.1 in 2008. But in 2010 there is nearly double increase to 32.1p. This shows the volatility in the relation to the shareholders. (ii) Dividend per Share (DPS) Tesco Tescos dividend per share has been increased to from 10.90p per share in 2008 to 11.96p in 2009 and 13.5p in 2010 which means Tesco is doing well to its shareholders. The main reason behind the increase in dividend per share is due to increase in net profit mainly from the national and international market sales growth. Sainsbury Sainsbury is also doing quite well in dividend per share which has been increase from 12.0p per share in 2008 to 13.2p in 2009 and 14.2p per share in 2010. From investor point of view Sainsbury is doing better than Tesco in dividend per share. As we know dividend per share were made internal from the company so they may contain false information to attract investors thats why investor should not concern on it. iii) Share price 1source: tescoplc.com Figure 1 share price movement of Tesco and Sainsbury Tesco share price is better than its rival Sainsbury over 3 years times. As we see from the figure Tesco share price on 26/2/2008 was 409.25p where as Sainsbury was only 368.50p on the same day. But the next year the both companies share price decrease due to the economy fall. In 27/2/2009 Tesco share price was only 338.20p where as Sainsbury has 321.75p. In 26/2/2010 Tesco is doing better in share price with increase to 422.40p with further increase in later in the year but the share price of Sainsbury fall down to 322.30p on the same day. Overall analysis As we see the trend of movement of share price of both companies it in decreasing trend with fluctuating economic condition. The decreasing trend is mostly due to the economic recession all over the world. From the starting of 2009, while there was a little bit start of recovery in world economy recession the share price of both companies are in increasing trend till now. But comparing the two companies it seems Tesco share price increase more rapidly as compare to Sainsbury because of the good performance of Tesco and the market strategy. iv) Price / Earnings (P/E) Ratio Price / Earnings ratio shows how much the investors are willing to pay per pound of earnings for a share. The high P/E indicates investors are expecting higher earnings growth in future. . Tesco The P/E has fall from 15.18 times in 2008 to 12.46 times in 2009 because of economic crisis but due to recovery in economy and good performance of Tesco, the price earnings ratio again goes up to 14.40 times in 2010. As compared to Sainsbury Tesco performance on last two years wasnot so good but in 2010 Tesco is doing quite well than Sainsbury. Sainsbury The P/E ratio of Sainsbury has risen a little bit in 2009 to 19.38 times as compare to 19.29 times in 2008. But in 2010 the P/E ratio fall dramatically to 10.40 times even there is going economy recovery in the world. The fall in P/E ratio seems not good for the company from the investor point of view as investor always willing higher earnings. 3.1.7 EFFICIENCY MEASURE i) Net asset turnover (NAT) The net asset turnover ratio represents the amount of revenue generated by the company as a result of its asset on hand. It measures how efficiently the company is operating. Tesco The net asset turnover of Tesco is decreasing over three years period from 2.38 times in 2008 to 1.94 times in 2009 due to massive investment in assets. Then there is a little bit decrease in net asset to 1.90 times which means the efficiency of asset is not quite good enough to generate the cash. Sainsbury Sainsburys NAT was quite good as compare to Tesco. There was also slightly increase in NAT from 2.54 times in 2008 to 2.66 times in 2009. But in 2010 again decrease to 2.48 times. The decrease in NAT may be due to saving investment in asset to cope with future economy crisis. ii) Return on total assets This ratio measures  a companys earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) against  its total net assets. The ratio is considered an indicator of how effectively a company is using its assets to generate earnings before contractual obligations must be paid. Tesco Return on total asset in Tesco has decreased to 6.49 times in 2009 from 9.29 times in 2008 because of more investment in fixed and current asset. But this ratio was increase to 6.90 times in 2010. Sainsbury Sainsbury Return on total asset was decrease in 2009 to 4.64 times from 4.98 times in 2008. But in 2010 its increase significantly to 6.75 times which seem far better as compare to previous year which is mainly due to increase in earning. 3.2. NON FINANCIAL ANALYSIS (i)SWOT Analysis: SWOT Analysis is the simplest of positioning company internal analysis by strength and weakness also external analysis by opportunities and threats. After the analysis the company should build the strength, fix their weakness as they are internal factor and they should exploit opportunities and minimize threats to be successful. As we know opportunities and strength should match, then only the company able to exploit their opportunities. We are now looking at Tescos SWOT analysis: Strengths: Diversified Business: Tesco which used to be the food super store now spreading in other product market sectors such as clothing, mobile, petrol, finance etc makes it easy to cope with any kind of risks. This is strength because the risk of one market sector fails to gain sufficient revenue is spread among other sector to cover that loss. Global market: Tesco operates in more than 12 countries apart from UK with strong performance and good reputation which means Tesco should not depend on any specific territory to success. Brand name: Tesco brand name with slogan Every little help enables to launch their own different product with best quality that is in affordable price. The brand helps Tesco to attract new customer as well as keep the existing customer. Online sales: Tesco is the supermarket which is doing very good in online sales with tesco.com which avoids the investment in physical stores and for customer it avoids to visit crowded store and the fear of unavailability of product in store. Club card: Tesco offer its customer their own club card so they hold their customer to their store and also record the customers information about their most shopping and make that product availability. Stores: Tesco which got strong market share more than 31% is opening its stores looking the need of that area. Such as in business centre it open small Tesco Express and in residential area there are Tesco Extra, Metro, Superstore etc. So the competitors are unable to beat Tesco. Corporate social Responsibility: Tesco is not only making money itself also help the community through different charity programme such as Cancer Research UKs race in 2009. It also helps to protect the environment through encouraging customer to reduce use of plastic bag and also going to be zero carbon business by 2050. WEAKNESS Too much diversification: Tesco is diversifying in different market sector which makes it difficult to focus on particular sector. So Customer may not get the quality product or service which harms their reputation and may loss their potential customer. Lack of global Business knowledge: Tesco entered to global market without proper studies over there which makes them hard to face the competition such as in first year they face in US store Fresh and Easy. OPPORTUNITY. Expand on non-food market: Tesco which used to supply only food product is now has lots of opportunity in non-food product such as clothing, electronic, finance etc. Tesco has opportunity of generating lots of revenue through good customer service, smooth supply of non-food product. Knowledge utilization: Tesco which is now one of the international giant supermarket, there are lots of opportunities of using its global business knowledge and experience in expanding its global market in more countries and place which help them to generate more revenue. Strategic alliance: Tesco which is providing lots of service in one roof has opportunity to expand through alliance. So that the specialization company helps to provide better quality service and assist in promoting sales. THREAT Weakening Economy: Economic condition play the vital role in the performance of the company. It not only hits the one sector but also damage the whole industries. In recent year due to global recession every company facing difficult to survive due to decrease in purchasing power of customer. So it is necessary for Tesco to make certain strategy to tackle that problems. Competitors: There is always the biggest threat of existing and new competitors as the market is so attractive. The existing competitor such as Sainsbury, Asda, Morrison etc increasing their market shares so Tesco should always look for new strategies to cope that threats. Global management: Tesco is operating more than 12 countries which make them harder to manage the company because of different culture and rules. There is also different economic condition so need the certain knowledge and experience to cope with that threats. (ii) Strategic Analysis Tesco is setting its strategy to motivate towards the progress of the company by focusing on its customer as well as society. Before there were only four strategies which only focus on company performance but now they add one more strategy towards the community which is also on their corporate social responsibility. So now Tescos strategies can be analyzed under five main heading: a)To be successful in international retailer: Tesco is operating more than 12 countries and the experience of more than ten years in overseas; Tesco is making some of its strategy by the knowledge gain over there such as: Be flexible Act local Maintain focus Use multi-format Develop capability and Build brand. b) To grow core at UK business: Tesco group business is significant within the UK with over 2,200 stores and more than 70% of group profit from UK business. Tesco is dominating UK market share with approximately double than its rival. Tesco has four main type of store to fulfill the need of customer such as Express, Metro, Superstore, and Extra. They also in trail of new format of

Proverbs Essay -- Bible Religion

Proverbs: Choice and Discernment, the Two Ways of Living   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In studying the book of Proverbs there is a similar theme of choice and discernment, the teachings of decision-making and the repercussions of your actions. These books are made up of extremes and polar opposites. The dualisms are the rich and poor, the righteous and the wicked, and the wise and the foolish. There is advice given and it is up to the judgment of the person to which category they will fall into. There are two ways of living, and based on the person’s discernment and ultimate choice to which one they will get to live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This paper will focus on Proverbs 10, 12, and 14, Solomon’s Proverbs, to display this theme of choice and discernment. Proverb 10 is an antithetical parallelism, because the second line is opposite of the first. This passage is both observational and didactic. Some of the passages are subtle entities and some are teachings that promote an ideal. â€Å" Wise children make their fathers proud of them; foolish ones bring their mothers grief† (10:1). This first passage is very simple; if you are wise, then you will be good to your parents, the teaching is, do not be foolish. The next passage has great insight, â€Å"wealth you get by dishonesty will do you no good, but honesty can save your life† (10:2). This passage is an ellipsis because it leaves out detail to how exactly honesty can save your life, but it will do you more good than being dishonest. You will be rewarded for choosing to act wisely. â€Å"The Lord will not let good people go hun gry, but he will keep the wicked from getting what they want† (10:3). This passage shows the world as a just world, that God/dess will keep things even keel, even though this is not the case. Things are unfair sometimes, and using observation on personal life experiences, bad things can happen to good people. Although this passage does teach that if you choose to be good, you will be taken care of, and if you choose to be wicked you will not always get what you want. There are two choices here on how to live, good or wicked, and good judgment would be choosing to be good. It encourages again the need for right decision making. These passages lack emotion; they are just a steady flow of advice. They speak of retribution; you will get what’s coming to you. If you choose to be lazy, you will be poor and not achieve any status, if you choose... ... that if you make the right decision, God will help you, he will guide and save you. This maybe the details that are left out of Proverbs, there may not be a need for detail at all. It doesn’t matter what the situation is, don’t be lazy, the out come then will be the help of the Lord. This advice is God/dess’ guidance, it is then up to you which path you will take, what decisions will be made, and which life you choose to live. The Lord can only bring us this far; He/She is unable to help, if we are do not make the right decisions and live righteously.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited Bricker, Daniel P. The Doctrine of the â€Å"Two Ways† in Proverbs. Doctoral candidate in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Old Testament at Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena. 1995. ATLA index. Buttrick, George Arthur. The Interpreter’s Bible, twelve volumes. Abingdon Press,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nashville, 1984.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clifford, Richard J., A Commentary by†¦ Proverbs, The Old Testament Library.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Editorial Advisory Board; James L. Mays, Carol A. Newsom, David I.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Petersen. Westminster John Knox Press, Louisville, Kentucky, 1999. Drane, John. Introducing the Old Testament. Harper & Row, Publishers. San Francisco,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1987.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Prison Privatization Essay

The need for a well-built, reliable incarceration service and program is truly of great social, state, federal, and national concern. As the sense of maintaining justice, peace, and order amongst the communities and state-areas is of a national issue, it is only natural that the government and other public officiating bodies are tackling such social matters. However, at the event of prison privatization, many discussions have spurred it as a sound and trusty alternative for various difficulties that public incarceration systems have been facing. As any arguable issue is compromised, advantages and disadvantages present themselves. Economic and Monetary Advantage—Real and Perceived There are on-going arguments which discuss the true fiscal advantage of having a privatized prison system, specifically in terms of whether its contribution is significant or not. Those who support the push of such a privatized system argue that a noteworthy percentage of costs can be saved. In fact, â€Å"advocate for privatization maintain that the private sector management and operation of prison can cut costs by as much as 20%† (Carey, 1997 cited in Cheung, 2004, p. 1). Other studies and research have been done to better prove the cost efficiency of such a system. Organization have made efforts to support this particular privatized advantage, finding a direct relation between sending and keeping inmates in a prison system run by the private sector. Michael Hallett and Amy Hanauer (2001, p. ) writes: A 2001 report from Policy Matter Ohio documented a long-standing practice by Ohio prison administrators who manage contracts with private facilities. The practice is known as â€Å"cherry picking† and involves â€Å"sending less expensive inmates to private facilities, artificially inflating reported cost savings† (cited in Raher, 2002, p. 4). Moreover, the use of a labor base belonging to private sector presents cost-saving advantages as it maintains a sense of control over employee compensation and benefits. Though figures have been given, those who oppose such privatization rebut with delivering disputes that this is more of a misleading notion than fact. Greg Jaffe and Rick Brooks (1998) explain: In a 1996 General Accounting Office (GAO) review of several comparative studies on private versus public prison, researchers acknowledged, â€Å"because the studies reported little difference and/or mixed results in comparing private and public facilities, we could not conclude whether privatization saved money† (cited in Cheung, 2004, p. ). As this is a debatable issue, there are ever combating findings and views upon this matter. It is best to reconsider whether or not there is any actual and beneficial fiscal impact of privatized prisons. Nevertheless, James Austin and Garry Coventry research and examine in terms of future trends that â€Å"a number of companies operating privatized prisons is likely to decrease as competition and costs of doing business increase, thus forcing a con solidation of firms within the industry† (Austin & Coventry, 2001, p. xi ). Hence, the logic of presenting a privatized prison system, a seemingly cost-effective option, still holds problem. Thus, this does not really address solutions to replace fully the traditional, non-privatized, prison system. Quality Process of a Privatized Operation—Safety and Reliability The discussion of quality and reliability of a privatized prison system service and its standing to survive pressing conditions of what prison and its inmates demand is of valuable concern more than anything else. Seemingly, however, prison in a privatized sector is not an ideal fit. There are issues of safety, for the inmates, guards and public, that questions these. Again, James Austin, and Garry Coventry also examines that physical assaults on guards and staff by inmates were almost more significantly recurrent in private prisons than in government-run prisons and physical assaults on fellow inmates were more significantly recurrent in private prisons (Austin & Coventry, 2001). Hence, with the assorted dangers of a privatized system, it then places its integrity on shaky ground. Sentencing Policy and Profit Motive It seems that the correlation of the sentencing policy and profit motive is in line with each other at a prison belonging to the private sector. Since profit maximization is the main objective of a private-based organization, it would seem logical to tip the scales of sentencing towards the private prison’s benefit, presenting the possible use of profitable injustice with conditions that may violate particular prison laws and prisoner rights. This presents a disadvantage more over the conscious effort to exercise the true essence of human justice. Putting the promise of profit ahead of justice is a form of corruption that disrupts the natural hand of the supposed trustworthiness of a true and unbiased justice system. Furthermore, Amy Cheung (2004) adds: â€Å"And because most private prisons operate on a per diem rate for each bed filled, there is a financial incentive not only to detain more inmates more inmates but also to detain them for a longer period of time† (p. 4). Lack of Public Oversight With the privatized prison system, the public is freed from paying taxes that are allocated to maintain and ensure a reliable prison system. However, as tax exemptions are placed, the public ability of oversight in terms of approving and disapproving upon issues of new prison facilities amongst communities, etc, is sacrificed. Conclusion Prison privatization has both advantages and disadvantages that hold key elements for debate. Nonetheless, what must be prioritized is the valuable role of the justice system and the ability of a dependable prison system, whether private, public, or mixed, to render the hand of truthful justice.